Richard F. Burton

The Book of The Thousand Nights And A Night

When it was the Two Hundred and Eighteenth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that the King fared forth to sport and hunt, bidding his two sons sit to do justice in his stead, each one day by turn, as was their wont. Now Prince Amjad sat in judgement the first day, bidding and forbidding, appointing and deposing, giving and refusing; and Queen Hayat al-Nufus, mother of As’ad, wrote to him a letter suing for his favour and discovering to him her passion and devotion; altogether put tiny off the mask and giving him to know that she desired to enjoy him. So she took a scroll and thereon indited these cadences,

“From the love deranged
the sorrowful and estranged
whose torment is prolonged for the longing of thee!
Were I to recount to thee the extent of my care
and what of sadness I bear
the passion which my heart cloth tear
and all that I endure for weeping and unrest
and the rending of my sorrowful breast
my unremitting grief
and my woe without relief
and all my suffering for severance of thee
and sadness and love’s ardency
no letter could contain it;
nor calculation could compass it
Indeed earth and heaven upon me are strait;
and I have no hope and no trust but what from thee I await
Upon death I am come nigh
and the horrors of dissolution I aby
Burning upon me is sore
with parting pangs and estrangement galore
Were I to set forth the yearnings that possess me more and more
no scrolls would suffice to hold such store
and of the excess of my pain and pine,
I have made the following lines:-

Were I to dwell on heart-consuming heat,
Unease and transports in my spins meet,
Nothing were left of ink and reeden pen
Nor aught of paper; no, not e’en a sheet.

Then Queen Hayat al-Nufus wrapped up her letter in a niece of costly silk scented with musk and ambergris; and folded it up with her silken hair-strings358 whose cost swallowed down treasures laid it in a handkerchief and gave it to a eunuch bidding him bear it to Prince Amjad.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

358 The significance of this action will presently appear.

When it was the Two Hundred and Nineteenth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that she gave her missive to the eunuch in waiting and bade him bear it to Prince Amjad. And that eunuch went forth ignoring what the future hid for him (for the Omniscient ordereth events even as He willeth); and, going in to the Prince, kissed the ground between his hands and handed to him the letter. On receiving the kerchief he opened it and, reading the epistle and recognizing its gist he was ware that his father’s wife was essentially an adulteress and a traitress at heart to her husband, King Kamar al-Zaman. So he waxed wroth with exceeding wrath and railed at women and their works, saying, “Allah curse women, the traitresses, the imperfect in reason and religion!”359 Then he drew his sword and said to the eunuch, “Out on thee, thou wicked slave! Dost thou carry messages of disloyalty for thy lord’s wife? By Allah, there is no good in thee, O black of hue and heart, O foul of face and Nature’s forming!” So he smote him on the neck and severed his head from his body; then, folding the kerchief over its contents he thrust it into his breast pocket and went in to his own mother and told her what had passed, reviling and reproaching her, and saying, “Each one of you is viler than the other; and, by Allah the Great and Glorious, did I not fear ill-manneredly to transgress against the rights of my father, Kamar al-Zaman, and my brother, Prince As’ad, I would assuredly go in to her and cut off her head, even as I cut off that of her eunuch!” Then he went forth from his mother in a mighty rage; and when the news reached Queen Hayat al-Nufus of what he had done with her eunuch, she abused him360 and cursed him and plotted perfidy against him. He passed the night, sick with rage, wrath and concern; nor found he pleasure in meat, drink or sleep. And when the next morning dawned Prince As’ad fared forth in his turn to rule the folk in his father’s stead, whilst his mother, Hayat al-Nufus, awoke in feeble plight because of what she had heard from Prince Amjad concerning the slaughter of her eunuch. So Prince As’ad sat in the audience-chamber that day, judging and administering justice, appointing and deposing, bidding and forbidding, giving and bestowing. And he ceased not thus till near the time of afternoon-prayer, when Queen Budur sent for a crafty old woman and, discovering to her what was in her heart, wrote a letter to Prince As’ad, complaining of the excess of her affection and desire for him in these cadenced lines,

“From her who perisheth for passion and love-forlorn
to him who in nature and culture is goodliest born
to him who is conceited of his own loveliness
and glories in his amorous grace
who from those that seek to enjoy him averteth his face
and refuseth to show favour unto the self abasing and base
him who is cruel and of disdainful mood
from the lover despairing of good
to Prince As’ad with passing beauty endowed
and of excelling grace proud
of the face moon bright
and the brow flower-white
and dazzling splendid light
This is my letter to him whose love melteth my body
and rendeth my skin and bones!
Know that my patience faileth me quite
and I am perplexed in my plight
longing and restlessness weary me
and sleep and patience deny themselves to me
but mourning and watching stick fast to me
and desire and passion torment me
and the extremes of languor and sickness have sheet me
Yet may my life be a ransom for thee
albeit thy pleasure be to slay her who loveth thee
and Allah prolong the life of thee
and preserve thee from all infirmity!”

And after these cadences she wrote these couplets,

“Fate hath commanded I become thy fere,
O shining like full moon when clearest clear!
All beauty dost embrace, all eloquence;
Brighter than aught within our worldly sphere:
Content am I my torturer thou be:
Haply shalt alms me with one lovely leer!
Happy her death who dieth for thy love!
No good in her who holdeth thee unclear!”

And also the following couplets,

“Unto thee, As’ad! I of passion-pangs complain;
Have ruth on slave of love so burnt with flaming pain:
How long, I ask, shall hands of Love disport with me,
With longings, dolour, sleepliness and bale and bane?
Anon I ‘plain of sea in heart, anon of fire
In vitals, O strange case, dear wish, my fairest fain!
O blamer, cease thy blame, and seek thyself to fly
From love, which makes these eyne a rill of tears to rain.
How oft I cry for absence and desire, Ah grief!
But all my crying naught of gain for me shall gain:
Thy rigours dealt me sickness passing power to bear,
Thou art my only leach, assain me an thou deign!
O chider, chide me not in caution, for I doubt
That plaguey Love to thee shall also deal a bout.”

Then Queen Budur perfumed the letter-paper with a profusion of odoriferous musk and, winding it in her hairstrings which were of Iraki silk, with pendants of oblong emeralds, set with pearls and stones of price, delivered it to the old woman, bidding her carry it to Prince As’ad.361 She did so in order to pleasure her, and going in to the Prince, straightway and without stay, found him in his own rooms and delivered to him the letter in privacy; after which she stood waiting an hour or so for the answer. When As’ad had read the paper and knew its purport, he wrapped it up again in the ribbons and put it in his bosom-pocket: then (for he was wrath beyond all measure of wrath) he cursed false women and sprang up and drawing his sword, smote the old trot on the neck and cut off her pate. Thereupon he went in to his mother, Queen Hayat al-Nufus, whom he found lying on her bed in feeble case, for that which had betided her with Prince Amjad, and railed at her and cursed her; after which he left her and fore-gathered with his brother, to whom he related all that had befallen him with Queen Budur, adding, “By Allah, O my brother, but that I was ashamed before thee, I had gone in to her forthright and had smitten her head off her shoulders!” Replied Prince Amjad, “By Allah, O my brother, yesterday when I was sitting upon the seat of judgement, the like of what hath befallen thee this day befel me also with thy mother who sent me a letter of similar purport.” And he told him all that had passed, adding, “By Allah, O my brother, naught but respect for thee withheld me from going in to her and dealing with her even as I dealt with the eunuch!” They passed the rest of the night conversing and cursing womankind, and agreed to keep the matter secret, lest their father should hear of it and kill the two women. Yet they ceased not to suffer trouble and foresee affliction. And when the morrow dawned, the King returned with his suite from hunting and sat awhile in his chair of estate; after which he sent the Emirs about their business and went up to his palace, where he found his two wives lying a-bed and both exceeding sick and weak. Now they had made a plot against their two sons and concerted to do away their lives, for that they had exposed themselves before them and feared to be at their mercy and dependent upon their forbearance. When Kamar al-Zaman saw them on this wise, he said to them, “What aileth you?” Whereupon they rose to him and kissing his hands answered, perverting the case and saying “Know, O King, that thy two sons, who have been reared in thy bounty, have played thee false and have dishonoured thee in the persons of thy wives.” Now when he heard this, the light became darkness in his sight, and he raged with such wrath that his reason fled: then said he to them, “Explain me this matter.” Replied Queen Budur, “O King of the age, know that these many days past thy son As’ad hath been in the persistent habit of sending me letters and messages to solicit me to lewdness and adultery while I still forbade him from this, but he would not be forbidden; and, when thou wentest forth to hunt, he rushed in on me, drunk and with a drawn sword in his hand, and smiting my eunuch, slew him. Then he mounted on my breast, still holding the sword, and I feared lest he should slay me, if I gainsaid him, even as he had slain my eunuch; so he took his wicked will of me by force. And now if thou do me not justice on him, O King, I will slay myself with my own hand, for I have no need of life in the world after this foul deed.” And Queen Hayat al-Nufus, choking with tears, told him respecting Prince Amjad a story like that of her sister-wife.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

359 An “Hadís.”

360 Arab. “Sabb” = using the lowest language of abuse. chiefly concerning women-relatives and their reproductive parts.

361 The reader will note in the narration concerning the two Queens the parallelism of the Arab’s style which recalls that of the Hebrew poets. Strings of black silk are plaited into the long locks (an “idiot-fringe” being worn over the brow) because a woman is cursed “who joineth her own hair to the hair of another” (especially human hair). Sending the bands is a sign of affectionate submission; and, in extremes” cases the hair itself is sent.

When it was the Two Hundred and Twentieth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that Queen Hayat al-Nufus told her husband, King Kamar al-Zaman, a story like that of her sister in wedlock, Budur, and, quoth she, “The same thing befel me with thy son Amjad;” after which she took to weeping and wailing and said, “Except thou do me justice on him I will tell my father, King Armanus.” Then both women wept with sore weeping before King Kamar al-Zaman who, when he saw their tears and heard their words, concluded that their story was true and, waxing wroth beyond measure of wrath, went forth thinking to fall upon his two sons and put them to death. On his way he met his father-in-law, King Armanus who, hearing of his return from the chase, had come to salute him at that very hour and, seeing him with naked brand in hand and blood dripping from his nostrils, for excess of rage, asked what ailed him. So Kamar al-Zaman told him all that his sons Amjad and As’ad had done and added, “And here I am now going in to them to slay them in the foulest way and make of them the most shameful of examples.” Quoth King Armanus (and indeed he too was wroth with them), “Thou dost well, O my son, and may Allah not bless them nor any sons that do such deed against their father’s honour. But, O my son, the sayer of the old saw saith, ‘Whoso looketh not to the end hath not Fortune to friend.’ In any case, they are thy sons, and it befitteth not that thou kill them with shine own hand, lest thou drink of their death-agony,362 and anon repent of having slain them whenas repentance availeth thee naught. Rather do thou send them with one of thy Mamelukes into the desert and let him kill them there out of thy sight, for, as saith the adage, ‘Out of sight of my friend is better and pleasanter.’363 And when Kamar al-Zaman heard his father-in-law’s words, he knew them to be just; so he sheathed his sword and turning back, sat down upon the throne of his realm. There he summoned his treasurer, a very old man, versed in affairs and in fortune’s vicissitudes, to whom he said, “Go in to my sons, Amjad and As’ad; bind their hands behind them with strong bonds, lay them in two chests and load them upon a mule. Then take horse thou and carry them into mid desert, where do thou kill them both and fill two vials with their blood and bring the same to me in haste.” Replied the treasurer, “I hear and I obey,” and he rose up hurriedly and went out forthright to seek the Princes; and, on his road, he met them coming out of the palace-vestibule, for they had donned their best clothes and their richest; and they were on their way to salute their sire and give him joy of his safe return from his going forth to hunt. Now when he saw them, he laid hands on them, saying, “Omy sons, know ye that I am but a slave commanded, and that your father hath laid a commandment on me; will ye obey his commandment?” They said, “Yes”; whereupon he went up to them and, after pinioning their arms, laid them in the chests which he loaded on the back of a mule he had taken from the city. And he ceased not carrying them into the open country till near noon, when he halted in a waste and desolate place and, dismounting from his mare, let down the two chests from the mule’s back. Then he opened them and took out Amjad and As’ad; and when he looked upon them he wept sore for their beauty and loveliness; then drawing his sword he said to them, “By Allah, O my lords, indeed it is hard for me to deal so evilly by you; but I am to be excused in this matter, being but a slave commanded, for that your father King Kamar al-Zaman hath bidden me strike off your heads.” They replied, “O Emir, do the King’s bidding, for we bear with patience that which Allah (to Whom be Honour, Might and Glory!) hath decreed to us; and thou art quit of our blood.” Then they embraced and bade each other farewell, and As’ad said to the treasurer, “Allah upon thee, O uncle, spare me the sight of my brother’s death-agony and make me not drink of his anguish, but kill me first, for that were the easier for me.” And Amjad said the like and entreated the treasurer to kill him before As’ad, saying, “My brother is younger than I; so make me not taste of his anguish. And they both wept bitter tears whilst the treasurer wept for their weeping;—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

362 i.e., suffer similar pain at the spectacle, a phrase often occurring.

363 i.e., when the eye sees not, the heart grieves not.

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-first Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that the treasurer wept for their weeping; then the two brothers embraced and bade farewell and one said to the other, “All this cometh of the malice of those traitresses, my mother and thy mother; and this is the reward of my forbearance towards thy mother and of thy for bearance towards my mother! But there is no Might and there is no Majesty save in Allah, the Glorious, the Great! Verily, we are Allah’s and unto Him we are returning.”364 And As’ad em braced his brother, sobbing and repeating these couplets,

“O Thou to whom sad trembling wights in fear complain!
O ever ready whatso cometh to sustain!
The sole resource for me is at Thy door to knock,
At whose door knock an Thou to open wilt not deign?
O Thou whose grace is treasured in the one word, Be!365
Favour me, I beseech, in Thee all weals contain.”

Now when Amjad heard his brother’s weeping he wept also and pressing him to his bosom repeated these two couplets,

“O Thou whose boons to me are more than one!
Whose gifts and favours have nor count nor bound!
No stroke of all Fate’s strokes e’er fell on me,
But Thee to take me by the hand I found.”

Then said Amjad to the treasurer, “I conjure thee by the One, Omnipotent, the Lord of Mercy, the Beneficent! slay me before my brother As’ad, so haply shall the fire be quencht in my heart’s core and in this life burn no more.” But As’ad wept and exclaimed, “Not so: I will die first;” whereupon quoth Amjad, “It were best that I embrace thee and thou embrace me, so the sword may fall upon us and slay us both at a single stroke.” Thereupon they embraced, face to face and clung to each other straitly, whilst the treasurer tied up the twain and bound them fast with cords, weeping the while. Then he drew his blade and said to them, “By Allah, O my lords, it is indeed hard to me to slay you! But have ye no last wishes that I may fulfil or charges which I may carry out, or message which I may deliver?” Replied Amjad, “We have no wish; and my only charge to thee is that thou set my brother below and me above him, that the blow may fall on me first, and when thou hast killed us and returnest to the King and he asketh thee, ‘What heardest thou from them before their death?’; do thou answer, ‘Verily thy sons salute thee and say to thee, Thou knewest not if we were innocent or guilty, yet hast thou put us to death and hast not certified thyself of our sin nor looked into our case.’ Then do thou repeat to him these two couplets,

‘Women are Satans made for woe o’ men;
I fly to Allah from their devilish scathe:
Source of whatever bale befel our kind,
In wordly matters and in things of Faith.’”

Continued Amjad, “We desire of thee naught but that thou repeat to our sire these two couplets.”—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

364 i.e., unto Him we shall return, a sentence recurring in almost every longer chapter of the Koran.

365 Arab. “Kun,” the creative Word (which, by the by, proves the Koran to be an uncreated Logos); the full sentence being “Kun fa kána” = Be! and it became. The origin is evidently, “And God said, Let there be light: and there was light” (Gen. i. 3); a line grand in its simplicity and evidently borrowed from the Egyptians, even as Yahveh (Jehovah) from “Ankh”=He who lives (Brugsch Hist. ii. 34).

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-second Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that Amjad added, speaking to the treasurer, “We desire of thee naught but that thou repeat to our sire these two couplets which thou hast just now heard; and I conjure thee by Allah to have patience with us, whilst I cite to my brother this other pair of couplets.” Then he wept with sore weeping and began,

“The Kings who fared before us showed
Of instances full many a show:
Of great and small and high and low
How many this one road have trod!”

Now when the treasurer heard these words from Amjad, he wept till his beard was wet, whilst As’ad’s eyes brimmed with tears and he in turn repeated these couplets,

“Fate frights us when the thing is past and gone;
Weeping is not for form or face alone366:
What ails the Nights?367 Allah blot out our sin,
And be the Nights by other hand undone!
Ere this Zubayr-son368 felt their spiteful hate,
Who fled for refuge to the House and Stone:
Would that when Khárijah was for Amru slain369
They had ransomed Ali with all men they own.”

Then, with cheeks stained by tears down railing he recited also these verses,

“In sooth the Nights and Days are charactered
By traitor falsehood and as knaves they lie;
The Desert-reek370 recalls their teeth that shine;
All horrid blackness is their K of eye:
My sin anent the world which I abhor
Is sin of sword when sworders fighting hie.”

Then his sobs waxed louder and he said,

“O thou who woo’st a World371 unworthy, learn
’Tis house of evils, ’tis Perdition’s net:
A house where whoso laughs this day shall weep
The next: then perish house of fume and fret!
Endless its frays and forays, and its thralls
Are ne’er redeemed, while endless risks beset.
How many gloried in its pomps and pride,
Till proud and pompous did all bounds forget,
Then showing back of shield she made them swill372
Full draught, and claimed all her vengeance debt.
For know her strokes fall swift and sure, altho’
Long bide she and forslow the course of Fate:
So look thou to thy days lest life go by
Idly, and meet thou more than thou hast met;
And cut all chains of world-love and desire
And save thy soul and rise to secrets higher.”

Now when As’ad made an end of these verses, he strained his brother Amjad in his arms, till they twain were one body, and the treasurer, drawing his sword, was about to strike them, when behold, his steed took fright at the wind of his upraised hand, and breaking its tether, fled into the desert. Now the horse had cost a thousand gold pieces and on its back was a splendid saddle worth much money; so the treasurer threw down his sword, and ran after his beast.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

366 i.e. but also for the life and the so-called “soul.”

367 Arab. “Layáli”=lit. nights which, I have said, is often applied to the whole twenty-four hours. Here it is used in the sense of “fortune” or “fate ;” like “days” and “days and nights.”

368 Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr a nephew of Ayishah, who had rebuilt the Ka’abah in A.H. 64 (A.D. 683), revolted (A.D. 680) against Yezid and was proclaimed Caliph at Meccah. He was afterwards killed (A.D. 692) by the famous or infamous Hajjáj general of Abd al-Malik bin Marwan, the fifth Ommiade, surnamed “Sweat of a stone” (skin-flint) and “Father of Flies,” from his foul breath. See my Pilgrimage, etc. (iii. 192–194), where are explained the allusions to the Ka’abah and the holy Black Stone.

369 These lines are part of an elegy on the downfall of one of the Moslem dynasties in Spain, composed in the twelfth century by Ibn Abdun al-Andalúsi. The allusion is to the famous conspiracy of the Khárijites (the first sectarians in Mohammedanism) to kill Ah, Mu’awiyah and Amru (so written but pronounced “Amr”) al-As, in order to abate intestine feuds m Al–Islam. Ali was slain with a sword-cut by Ibn Muljam a name ever damnable amongst the Persians; Mu’awiyah escaped with a wound and Kharijah, the Chief of Police at Fustat or old Cairo was murdered by mistake for Amru. After this the sectarian wars began.

370 Arab. “Saráb”= (Koran, chaps. xxiv.) the reek of the Desert, before explained. It is called “Lama,” the shine, the loom, in Al–Hariri. The world is compared with the mirage, the painted eye and the sword that breaks in the sworder’s hand.

371 Arab. “Dunyá,” with the common alliteration “dániyah” (=Pers. “dún”), in prose as well as poetry means the things or fortune of this life opp. to “Akhirah”=future life.

372 Arab. “Walgh,” a strong expression primarily denoting the lapping of dogs; here and elsewhere “to swill, saufen.”

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-third Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when his horse ran away, the treasurer ran after it in huge concern, and ceased not running to catch the runaway till it entered a thicket. He followed it whilst it dashed through the wood, smiting the earth with its hoofs till it raised a dust-cloud which towered high in air; and snorting and puffing and neighing and waxing fierce and furious. Now there happened to be in this thicket a lion of terrible might; hideous to sight, with eyes sparkling light: his look was grim and his aspect struck fright into man’s sprite. Presentry the treasurer turned and saw the lion making towards him; but found no way of escape nor had he his sword with him. So he said in himself, “There is no Majesty and there is no Might save in Allah, the Glorious, the Great! This strait is come upon me for no other cause but because of Amjad and As’ad; and indeed this journey was unblest from the first!” Meanwhile the two Princes were grievously oppressed by the heat and grew sore athirst, so that their tongues hung out and they cried for succour, but none came to their relief and they said, “Would to Heaven we had been slain and were at peace from this pain! But we know not whither the horse hath fled, that the treasurer is gone and hath left us thus pinioned. If he would but come back and do us die, it were easier to us than this torture to aby.” Said As’ad, “O my brother, be patient, and the relief of Allah (extolled and exalted be He!) shall assuredly come to us; for the horse started not away save of His favour towards us, and naught irketh us but this thirst.” Upon this he stretched and shook himself and strained right and left, till he burst his pinion-bonds; then he rose and unbound his brother and catching up the Emir’s sword, said, “By Allah, we will not go hence, till we look after him and learn what is become of him.” Then they took to following on the trail till it led them to the thicket and they said to each other, “Of a surety, the horse and the treasurer have not passed out of this wood.” Quoth As’ad, “Stay thou here, whilst I enter the thicket and search it;” and Amjad replied, “I will not let thee go in alone: nor will we enter it but together; so if we escape, we shall escape together and if we perish, we shall perish together.” Accordingly both entered and found that the lion had sprang upon the treasurer, who lay like a sparrow in his grip, calling upon Allah for aid and signing with his hands to Heaven. Now when Amjad saw this, he took the sword and, rushing upon the lion, smote him between the eyes and laid him dead on the ground. The Emir sprang up, marvelling at this escape and seeing Amjad and As’ad, his master’s sons, standing there, cast himself at their feet and exclaimed, “By Allah, O my lords, it were intolerable wrong in me to do you to death. May the man never be who would kill you! Indeed, with my very life, I will ransom you.”—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-fourth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that quoth the treasurer to Amjad and As’ad, “With my life will I ransom you both!” Then he hastily rose and, at once embracing them, enquired how they had loosed their bonds and come thither; whereupon they told him how the bonds of one of them had fallen loose and he had unbound the other, whereto they were helped by the purity of their intentions, and how they had tracked his trail till they came upon him. So he thanked them for their deed and went with them forth of the thicket; and, when they were in the open country, they said to him, “O uncle, do our father’s bidding.” He replied, “Allah forbid that I should draw near to you with hurt! But know ye that I mean to take your clothes and clothe you with mine; then will I fill two vials with the lion’s blood and go back to the King and tell him I have out vou to death. But as for you two, fare ye forth into the lands, for Allah’s earth is wide; and know, O my lords, that it paineth me to part from you.” At this, they all fell a-weeping; then the two youths put off their clothes and the treasurer habited them with his own. Moreover he made two parcels of their dress and, filling two vials with the lion’s blood, set the parcels before him on his horse’s back. Presently he took leave of them and, making his way to the city, ceased not faring till he went in to King Kamar al-Zaman and kissed the ground between his hands. The King saw him changed in face and troubled (which arose from his adventure with the lion) and, deeming this came of the slaughter of his two sons, rejoiced and said to him, “Hast thou done the work?” “Yes, O our lord,” replied the treasurer and gave him the two parcels of clothes and the two vials full of blood. Asked the King, “What didst thou observe in them; and did they give thee any charge?” Answered the treasurer, “I found them patient and resigned to what came down upon them and they said to me, ‘Verily, our father is excusable; bear him our salutation and say to him, ‘Thou art quit of our killing. But we charge thee repeat to him these couplets,

‘Verily women are devils created for us. We seek refuge with God from the artifice of the devils. They are the source of all the misfortunes that have appeared among mankind in the affairs of the world and of religion.’’’373

When the King heard these words of the treasurer, he bowed his head earthwards, a long while and knew his sons’ words to mean that they had been wrongfully put to death. Then he bethought himself of the perfidy of women and the calamities brought about by them; and he took the two parcels and opened them and fell to turning over his sons’ clothes and weeping,—And Shahrazed perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

373 The lines are repeated from Night ccxxi. I give Lane’s version (ii. 162) by way of contrast and—warning.

374 “Sáhirah” is the place where human souls will be gathered on Doom-day: some understand by it the Hell Sa’ír (No. iv.) intended for the Sabians or the Devils generally.

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-fifth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when King Kamar la-Zaman opened the two bundles and fell to turning over his sons’ clothes and weeping, it so came to pass that he found, in the pocket of his son As’ad’s raiment, a letter in the hand of his wife enclosing her hair strings; so he opened and read it and understanding the contents knew that the Prince had been falsely accused and wrongously. Then he searched Amjad’s parcel of dress and found in his pocket a letter in the handwriting of Queen Hayat al-Nufus enclosing also her hair-strings; so he opened and read it and knew that Amjad too had been wronged; whereupon he beat hand upon hand and exclaimed, “There is no Majesty and there is no Might save in Allah, the Glorious, the Great! I have slain my sons unjustly.” And he buffeted his face, crying out, “Alas, my sons! Alas, my long grief!” Then he bade them build two tombs in one house, which he styled “House of Lamentations,” and had graved thereon his sons’ names; and he threw himself on Amjad’s tomb, weeping and groaning and lamenting, and improvised these couplets,

“O moon for ever set this earth below,
Whose loss bewail the stars which stud the sky!
O wand, which broken, ne’er with bend and wave
Shall fascinate the ravisht gazer’s eye;
These eyne for jealousy I ‘reft of thee,
Nor shall they till next life thy sight descry:
I’m drowned in sea of tears for insomny
Wherefore, indeed in Sáhirah-stead374 I lie.”

Then he threw himself on As’ad’s tomb, groaning and weeping and lamenting and versifying with these couplets,

“Indeed I longed to share unweal with thee,
But Allah than my will willed otherwise:
My grief all blackens ‘twixt mine eyes and space,
Yet whitens all the blackness from mine eyes:375
Of tears they weep these eyne run never dry,
And ulcerous flow in vitals never dries:
Right sore it irks me seeing thee in stead376
Where slave with sovran for once levelled lies.”

And his weeping and wailing redoubled; and, after he had ended his lamentations and his verse, he forsook his friends and intimates, and denying himself to his women and his family, cut himself off from the world in the House of Lamentations, where he passed his time in weeping for his sons. Such was his case; but as regards Amjad and As’ad they fared on into the desert eating of the fruits of the earth and drinking of the remnants of the rain for a full month, till their travel brought them to a mountain of black flint377 whose further end was unknown; and here the road forked, one line lying along the midway height and the other leading to its head. They took the way trending to the top and gave not over following it five days, but saw no end to it and were overcome with weariness, being unused to walking upon the mountains or elsewhere.378 At last, despairing of coming to the last of the road, they retraced their steps and, taking the other, that led over the midway heights,—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

375 His eyes are faded like Jacob’s which, after weeping for Joseph, “became white with mourning” (Koran, chaps. xxi.). It is a stock comparison.

376 The grave.

377 Arab. “Sawwán” (popularly pronounced Suwán) =“Syenite” from Syrene; generally applied to silex, granite or any hard stone.

378 A proceeding fit only for thieves and paupers: “Alpinism” was then unknown. “You come from the mountain” (al-Jabal) means, “You are a clod-hopper”; and “I will sit upon the mountain”=turn anchorite or magician. (Pilgrimage i. 106.)

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-sixth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that Princes Amjad and As’ad returned from the path leading to the Mountain-head and took that which ran along the midway heights, and walked through all that day till nightfall, when As’ad, weary with much travel, said to Amjad, “O my brother, I can walk no farther, for I am exceeding weak.” Replied Amjad, “O my brother, take courage! May be Allah will send us relief.” So they walked on part of the night, till the darkness closed in upon them, when As’ad became weary beyond measure of weariness and cried out, “O my brother, I am worn out and spent with walking,” and threw himself upon the ground and wept. Amjad took him in his arms and walked on with him, bytimes sitting down to rest till break of day, when they came to the mountain-top and found there a stream of running water and by it a pomegranate-tree and a prayer-niche.379 They could hardly believe their eyes when they saw it; but, sitting down by that spring, drank of its water and ate of the fruit of that granado-tree; after which they lay on the ground and slept till sunrise, when they washed and bathed in the spring and, eating of the pomegranates, slept again till the time of mid-afternoon prayer. Then they thought to continue their journey, but As’ad could not walk, for both his feet were swollen. So they abode there three days till they were rested, after which they set out again and fared on over the mountain days and nights, tortured by and like to die of thirst, till they sighted a city gleaming afar off, at which they rejoiced and made towards it. When they drew near it, they thanked Allah (be His Name exalted!) and Amjad said to As’ad, “O my brother, sit here, whilst I go to yonder city and see what it is and whose it is and where we are in Allah’s wide world, that we may know through what lands we have passed in crossing this mountain, whose skirts had we followed, we had not reached this city in a whole year. So praised be Allah for safety!” Replied As’ad, “By Allah, O my brother, none shall go down into that city save myself, and may I be thy ransom! If thou leave me alone, be it only for an hour, I shall imagine a thousand things and be drowned in a torrent of anxiety on shine account, for I cannot brook shine absence from me.” Amjad rejoined, “Go then and tarry not. So As’ad took some gold pieces, and leaving his brother to await him, descended the mountain and ceased not faring on till he entered the city. As he threaded the streets he was met by an old man age-decrepit, whose beard flowed down upon his breast and forked in twain;380 he bore a walking-staff in his hand and was richly clad, with a great red turband on his head. When As’ad saw him, he wondered at his dress and his mien; nevertheless, he went up to him and saluting him said, “Where be the way to the market, O my master?” Hearing these words the Shaykh smiled in his face and replied, “O my son, meseemeth thou art a stranger?” As’ad rejoined, “Yes, I am a stranger.”—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

379 Corresponding with wayside chapels in Catholic countries. The Moslem form would be either a wall with a prayer niche (Mibráb) fronting Meccah-wards or a small domed room. These little oratories are often found near fountains, streams or tree-clumps where travellers would be likely to alight. I have described one in Sind (“Scinde or the Unhappy Valley” i. 79), and have noted that scrawling on the walls is even more common in the East than in the West; witness the monuments of old Egypt bescribbled by the Greeks and Romans. Even the paws of the Sphinx are covered with such graffiti; and those of Ipsambul or Abu Símbal have proved treasures to epigraphists.

380 In tales this characterises a Persian; and Hero Rustam is always so pictured.

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-seventh Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that the Shaykh who met As’ad smiled in his face and said to him, “O my son, meseemeth thou art a stranger?” and As’ad replied, “Yes, I am a stranger.” Then rejoined the old man, “Verily, thou gladdenest our country with thy presence, O my son, and thou desolatest shine own land by reason of shine absence. What wantest thou of the market?” Quoth As’ad, “O uncle, I have a brother, with whom I have come from a far land and with whom I have journeyed these three months; and, when we sighted this city, I left him, who is my elder brother, upon the mountain and came hither, purposing to buy victual and what else, and return therewith to him, that we might feed thereon.” Said the old man, “Rejoice in all good, O my son, and know thou that to-day I give a marriage-feast, to which I have bidden many guests, and I have made ready plenty of meats, the best and most delicious that heart can desire. So if thou wilt come with me to my place, I will give thee freely all thou lackest without asking thee a price or aught else. Moreover I will teach thee the ways of this city; and, praised be Allah, O my son, that I, and none other have happened upon thee.” “As thou wilt,” answered As’ad, “do as thou art disposed, but make haste, for indeed my brother awaiteth me and his whole heart is with me.” The old man took As’ad by the hand and carried him to a narrow lane, smiling in his face and saying, “Glory be to Him who hath delivered thee from the people of this city!” And he ceased not walking till he entered a spacious house, wherein was a saloon and behold, in the middle of it were forty old men, well stricken in years, collected together and forming a single ring as they sat round about a lighted fire, to which they were doing worship and prostrating themselves.381 When As’ad saw this, he was confounded and the hair of his body stood on end though he knew not what they were; and the Shaykh said to them, “O Elders of the Fire, how blessed is this day!” Then he called aloud, saying, “Hello, Ghazbán!” Whereupon there came out to him a tall black slave of frightful aspect, grim-visaged and flat nosed as an ape who, when the old man made a sign to him, bent As’ad’s arms behind his back and pinioned them; after which the Shaykh said to him, “Let him down into the vault under the earth and there leave him and say to my slave girl Such-an-one, ‘Torture him night and day and give him a cake of bread to eat morning and evening against the time come of the voyage to the Blue Sea and the Mountain of Fire, whereon we will slaughter him as a sacrifice.’” So the black carried him out at another door and, raising a flag in the floor, discovered a flight of twenty steps leading to a chamber382 under the earth, into which he descended with him and, laying his feet in irons, gave him over to the slave girl and went away. Meanwhile, the old men said to one another, “When the day of the Festival of the Fire cometh, we will sacrifice him on the mountain, as a propitiatory offering whereby we shall pleasure the Fire.” Presently the damsel went down to him and beat him a grievous beating, till streams of blood flowed from his sides and he fainted; after which she set at his head a scone of bread and a cruse of brackish water and went away and left him. In the middle of the night, he revived and found himself bound and beaten and sore with beating: so he wept bitter tears; and recalling his former condition of honour and prosperity, lordship and dominion, and his separation from his sire and his exile from his native land.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say,

381 The Parsis, who are the representatives of the old Guebres, turn towards the sun and the fire as their Kiblah or point of prayer; all deny that they worship it. But, as in the case of saints’ images, while the educated would pray before them for edification (Labia) the ignorant would adore them (Dulia); and would make scanty difference between the “reverence of a servant” and the “reverence of a slave.” The human sacrifice was quite contrary to Guebre, although not to Hindu, custom; although hate and vengeance might prompt an occasional murder.

382 These oubliettes are common in old eastern houses as in the medieval Castles of Europe, and many a stranger has met his death in them. They are often so well concealed that even the modern inmates are not aware of their existence.

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-eighth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when As’ad found himself bound and beaten and sore with beating he recalled his whilome condition of honour and prosperity and dominion and lordship, and he wept and groaned aloud and recited these couplets,

“Stand by the ruined stead and ask of us;
Nor deem we dwell there as was state of us:
The World, that parter, hath departed us;
Yet soothes not hate-full hearts the fate of us:
With whips a cursed slave girl scourges us,
And teems her breast with rancorous hate of us:
Allah shall haply deign to unpart our lives,
Chastise our foes, and end this strait of us.”

And when As’ad had spoken his poetry, he put out his hand towards his head and finding there the crust and the cruse full of brackish water he ate a bittock, just enough to keep life in him, and drank a little water, but could get no sleep till morning for the swarms of bugs383 and lice. As soon as it was day, the slave girl came down to him and changed his clothes, which were drenched with blood and stuck to him, so that his skin came off with the shirt; wherefor he shrieked aloud and cried, “Alas!” and said, “O my God, if this be Thy pleasure, increase it upon me! O Lord, verily Thou art not unmindful of him that oppresseth me; do Thou then avenge me upon him!” And he groaned and repeated the following verses,

“Patient, O Allah! to Thy destiny
I bow, suffice me what Thou deign decree:
Patient to bear Thy will, O Lord of me,
Patient to burn on coals of Ghazá-tree:
They wrong me, visit me with hurt and harm;
Haply Thy grace from them shall set me free:
Far be’s, O Lord, from thee to spare the wronger
O Lord of Destiny my hope’s in Thee!”

And what another saith,

“Bethink thee not of worldly state,
Leave everything to course of Fate;
For oft a thing that irketh thee
Shall in content eventuate;
And oft what strait is shall expand,
And what expanded is wax strait.
Allah will do what wills His will
So be not thou importunate!
But ‘joy the view of coming weal
Shall make forget past bale and bate.”

And when he had ended his verse, the slave-girl came down upon him with blows till he fainted again; and, throwing him a flap of bread and a gugglet of saltish water, went away and left him sad and lonely, bound in chains of iron, with the blood streaming from his sides and far from those he loved. So he wept and called to mind his brother and the honours he erst enjoyed.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

383 Arab. “Bakk”; hence our “bug” whose derivation (like that of “cat” “dog” and “hog”) is apparently unknown to the dictionaries, always excepting M. Littré‘s.

When it was the Two Hundred and Twenty-ninth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that As’ad called to mind his brother and the honours he erst enjoyed; so he wept and groaned and complained and poured forth tears in floods and improvised these couplets,

“Easy, O Fate! how long this wrong, this injury,
Robbing each morn and eve my brotherhood fro’ me?
Is’t not time now thou deem this length sufficiency
Of woes and, O thou Heart of Rock, show clemency?
My friends thou wrongedst when thou madst each enemy
Mock and exult me for thy wrongs, thy tyranny:
My foeman’s heart is solaced by the things he saw
In me, of strangerhood and lonely misery:
Suffice thee not what came upon my head of dole,
Friends lost for evermore, eyes wan and pale of blee?
But must in prison cast so narrow there is naught
Save hand to bite, with bitten hand for company;
And tears that tempest down like goodly gift of cloud,
And longing thirst whose fires weet no satiety.
Regretful yearnings, singulfs and unceasing sighs,
Repine, remembrance and pain’s very ecstacy:
Desire I suffer sore and melancholy deep,
And I must bide a prey to endless phrenesy:
I find me ne’er a friend who looks with piteous eye,
And seeks my presence to allay my misery:
Say, liveth any intimate with trusty love
Who for mine ills will groan, my sleepless malady?
To whom moan I can make and, peradventure, he
Shall pity eyes that sight of sleep can never see?
The flea and bug suck up my blood, as wight that drinks
Wine from the proffering hand of fair virginity:
Amid the lice my body aye remindeth me
Of orphan’s good in Kázi’s claw of villainy:
My home’s a sepulchre that measures cubits three,
Where pass I morn and eve in chained agony:
My wines are tears, my clank of chains takes music’s stead,
Cares my dessert of fruit and sorrows are my bed.”

And when he had versed his verse and had prosed his prose, he again groaned and complained and remembered he had been and how he had been parted from his brother. Thus far concerning him; but as regards his brother Amjad, he awaited As’ad till mid-day yet he returned not to him: whereupon Amjad’s vitals fluttered, the pangs of parting were sore upon him and he poured forth abundant tears,—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

When it was the Two Hundred and Thirtieth Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when Amjad awaited his brother As’ad till mid-day and he returned not to him, Amjad’s vitals fluttered; the pangs of parting were sore upon him and he poured forth abundant tears, exclaiming, “Alas, my brother! Alas, my friend! Alas my grief! How I feared me we should be separated!” Then he descended from the mountain-top with the tears running down his cheeks; and, entering the city, ceased not walking till he made the market. He asked the folk the name of the place and concerning its people and they said, “This is called the City of the Magians, and its citizens are mostly given to Fire-worshipping in lieu of the Omnipotent King.” Then he enquired of the City of Ebony and they answered, “Of a truth it is a year’s journey thither by land and six months by sea: it was governed erst by a King called Armanus; but he took to son-in-law and made King in his stead a Prince called Kamar al-Zaman distinguished for justice and munificence, equity and benevolence.” When Amjad heard tell of his father, he groaned and wept and lamented and knew not whither to go. However, he bought a something of food and carried it to a retired spot where he sat down thinking to eat; but, recalling his brother, he fell a-weeping and swallowed but a morsel to keep breath and body together, and that against his will. Then he rose and walked about the city, seeking news of his brother, till he saw a Moslem tailor sitting in his shop so he sat down by him and told him his story; whereupon quoth the tailor, “If he have fallen into the hands of the Magians, thou shalt hardly see him again: yet it may be Allah will reunite you twain. But thou, O my brother,” he continued wilt thou lodge with me?” Amjad answered, “Yes”; and the tailor rejoiced at this. So he abode with him many days, what while the tailor comforted him and exhorted him to patience and taught him tailoring, till he became expert in the craft. Now one day he went forth to the sea-shore and washed his clothes; after which he entered the bath and put on clean raiment; then he walked about the city, to divert himself with its sights and presently there met him on the way a woman of passing beauty and loveliness, without peer for grace and comeliness. When she saw him she raised her face-veil and signed to him by moving her eyebrows and her eyes with luring glances, and versified these couplets,

“I drooped my glance when seen thee on the way
As though, O slim-waist! felled by Sol’s hot ray:
Thou art the fairest fair that e’er appeared,
Fairer to-day than fair of yesterday:384
Were Beauty parted, a fifth part of it
With Joseph or a part of fifth would stay;
The rest would fly to thee, shine ownest own;
Be every soul thy sacrifice, I pray!”

When Amjad heard these her words, they gladdened his heart which inclined to her and his bowels yearned towards her and the hands of love sported with him; so he sighed to her in reply and spoke these couplets,

“Above the rose of cheek is thorn of lance;385
Who dareth pluck it, rashest chevisance?
Stretch not thy hand towards it, for night long
Those lances marred because we snatched a glance!
Say her, who tyrant is and tempter too
(Though justice might her tempting power enhance):—
Thy face would add to errors were it veiled;
Unveiled I see its guard hath best of chance!
Eye cannot look upon Sol’s naked face;
But can, when mist-cloud dims his countenance:
The honey-hive is held by honey-bee;386
Ask the tribe-guards what wants their vigilance?
An they would slay me, let them end their ire
Rancorous, and grant us freely to advance:
They’re not more murderous, an charge the whole
Than charging glance of her who wears the mole.”

And hearing these lines from Amjad she sighed with the deepest sighs and, signing to him again, repeated these couplets,

“’Tis thou hast trodden coyness path not I:
Grant me thy favours for the time draws nigh:
O thou who makest morn with light of brow,
And with loosed brow-locks night in lift to stye!
Thine idol-aspect made of me thy slave,
Tempting as temptedst me in days gone by:
’Tis just my liver fry with hottest love:
Who worship fire for God must fire aby:
Thou sellest like of me for worthless price;
If thou must sell, ask high of those who buy.”

When Amjad heard these her words he said to her, “Wilt thou come to my lodging or shall I go with thee to shine?” So she hung her head in shame to the ground and repeated the words of Him whose Name be exalted, “Men shall have the pre-eminence above women, because of those advantages wherein Allah hath caused the one of them to excel the other.”387 Upon this, Amjad took the hint.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

384 i.e. thy beauty is ever increasing.

385 Alluding, as usual, to the eye-lashes, e.g.

An eyelash arrow from an eyebrow bow.

386 Lane (ii. 168) reads:—“The niggardly female is protected by her niggardness;” a change of “Nahílah” (bee-hive) into “Bakhílah” (she skin flint).

387 Koran iv. 38. The advantages are bodily strength, understanding and the high privilege of Holy War. Thus far, and thus far only, woman amongst Moslems is “lesser

When it was the Two Hundred and Thirty-first Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that Amjad took the woman’s hint and understood that she wished to go with him whither he was going; he felt himself bounder to find a place wherein to receive her, but was ashamed to carry her to the house of his host, the tailor. So he walked on and she walked after him, and the two ceased not walking from street to street and place to place, till she was tired and said to him, “O my lord, where is thy house?” Answered he, “Before us a little way.” Then he turned aside into a handsome by-street, followed by the young woman, and walked on till he came to the end, when he found it was no thoroughfare and exclaimed, “There is no Majesty and there is no Might save in Allah, the Glorious, the Great!” Then raising his eyes, he saw, at the upper end of the lane a great doer with two stone benches; but it was locked. So Amjad sat down on one of the benches and she on the other; and she said to him, “O my lord, wherefore waitest thou?” He bowed his head awhile to the ground then raised it and answered, “I am awaiting my Mameluke who hath the key; for I bade him make me ready meat and drink and flowers, to deck the wine-service against my return from the bath.” But he said to himself, “Haply the time will be tedious to her and she will go about her business, leaving me here, when I will wend my own way.” However, as soon as she was weary of long waiting, she said, “O my lord, thy Mameluke delayeth; and here are we sitting in the street;” and she arose and took a stone and went up to the lock. Said Amjad, “Be not in haste, but have patience till the servant come.” However, she hearkened not to him, but smote the wooden bolt with the stone and broke it in half, whereupon the door opened. Quoth he, “What possessed thee to do this deed?” Quoth she, “Pooh, pooh, my lord! what matter it? Is not the house thy house and thy place?” He said, “There was no need to break the bolt.” Then the damsel entered, to the confusion of Amjad, who knew not what to do for fear of the people of the house; but she said to him, “Why dost thou not enter, O light of mine eyes and core of my heart?” Replied he, “I hear and obey; but my servant tarrieth long and I know not if he have done aught of what I bade him and specially enjoined upon him, or not.” Hereupon he entered, sore in fear of the people of the house, and found himself in a handsome saloon with four dais’d recesses, each facing other, and containing closets and raised seats, all bespread with stuffs of silk and brocade; and in the midst was a jetting fountain of costly fashion, on whose margin rested a covered tray of meats, with a leather tablecloth hanging up and gem-encrusted dishes, full of fruits and sweet-scented flowers. Hard by stood drinking vessels and a candlestick with a single wax-candle therein; and the place was full of precious stuffs and was ranged with chests and stools, and on each seat lay a parcel of clothes upon which was a purse full of monies, gold and silver. The floor was paved with marble and the house bore witness in every part to its owner’s fortune. When Amjad saw all this, he was confounded at his case and said to himself, “I am a lost man! Verily we are Allah’s and to Allah we are returning!” As for the damsel, when she sighted the place she rejoiced indeed with a joy nothing could exceed, and said to him, “By Allah, O my lord, thy servant hath not failed of his duty; for see, he hath swept the place and cooked the meat and set on the fruit; and indeed I come at the best of times.” But he paid no heed to her, his heart being taken up with fear of the house-folk; and she said, “Fie, O my lord, O my heart! What aileth thee to stand thus?” Then she sighed and, giving him a buss which sounded like the cracking of a walnut, said, “O my lord, an thou have made an appointment with other than with me, I will gird my middle and serve her and thee. Amjad laughed from a heart full of rage and wrath and came forwards and sat down, panting and saying to himself, “Alack, mine ill death and doom when the owner of the place shall return!” Then she seated herself by him and fell to toying and laughing, whilst Amjad sat careful and frowning, thinking a thousand thoughts and communing with himself, “Assuredly the master of the house cannot but come, and then what shall I say to him? he needs must kill me and my life will be lost thus foolishly.” Presently she rose and, tucking up her sleeves, took a tray of food on which she laid the cloth and then set it before Amjad and began to eat, saying, “Eat, O my lord.” So he came forward and ate; but the food was not pleasant to him; on the contrary he ceased not to look towards the door, till the damsel had eaten her fill, when she took away the tray of the meats and, setting on the dessert, fell to eating of the dried fruits. Then she brought the wine service and opening the jar, filled a cup and handed it to Amjad, who took it from her hand saying to him self, ‘ Ah, ah! and well away, when the master of the house cometh and seeth me!”; and he kept his eyes fixed on the threshold, even with cup in hand. While he was in this case, lo! in came the master of the house, who was a white slave, one of the chief men of the city, being Master of the Horse388 to the King. He had fitted up this saloon for his pleasures, that he might make merry therein and be private with whom he would, and he had that day bidden a youth whom he loved and had made this entertainment for him. Now the name of this slave was Bahádur,389 and he was open of hand, generous, munificent and fain of alms-giving and charitable works.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

388 Arab. “Amir Yákhúr,” a corruption of “Akhor”=stable (Persian).

389 A servile name in Persian, meaning “the brave,” and a title of honour at the Court of Delhi when following the name. Many English officers have made themselves ridiculous (myself amongst the number) by having it engraved on their seal-rings, e.g. Brown Sáhib Bahádur. To write the word “Behadir” or “Bahádir” is to adopt the wretched Turkish corruption.

When it was the Two Hundred and Thirty-second Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when Bahadur, the Master of the Horse and the owner of the house, came to the door of the saloon and found it open, he entered slowly and softly and looking in, with head advanced and out stretched neck, saw Amjad and the girl sitting before the dish of fruit and the wine-jar in front of them. Now Amjad at that moment had the cup in his hand and his face turned to the door; and when his glance met Bahadur’s eyes his hue turned pale yellow and his side-muscles quivered, so seeing his trouble Bahadur signed to him with his finger on his lips, as much as to say, “Be silent and come hither to me.” Whereupon he set down the cup and rose and the damsel cried, “Whither away?” He shook his head and, signing to her that he wished to make water, went out into the passage barefoot. Now when he saw Bahadur he knew him for the master of the house; so he hastened to him and, kissing his hands, said to him, “Allah upon thee, O my lord, ere thou do me a hurt, hear what I have to say.” Then he told him who he was from first to last and acquainted him with what caused him to quit his native land and royal state, and how he had not entered his house of his free will, but that it was the girl who had broken the lock-bolt and done all this.390 When Bahadur heard his story and knew that he was a King’s son, he felt for him and, taking compassion on him, said, “Hearken to me, O Amjad, and do what I bid thee and I will guarantee thy safety from that thou fearest; but, if thou cross me, I will kill thee.” Amjad replied, “Command me as thou wilt: I will not gainsay thee in aught; no, never, for I am the freedman of thy bounty.” Rejoined Bahadur, “Then go back forthwith into the saloon, sit down in thy place and be at peace and at shine ease; I will presently come in to thee, and when thou seest me (remember my name is Bahadur) do thou revile me and rail at me, saying, ‘What made thee tarry till so late?’ And accept no excuse from me; nay, so far from it, rise and beat me; and, if thou spare me, I will do away thy life. Enter now and make merry and whatsoever thou seekest of me at this time I will bring thee forthwith; and do thou spend this night as thou wilt and on the morrow wend thy way. This I do in honour of thy strangerhood, for I love the stranger and hold myself bounder to do him devoir.” So Amjad kissed his hand, and, returning to the saloon with his face clad in its natural white and red, at once said to the damsel, “O my mistress, thy presence hath gladdened this shine own place and ours is indeed a blessed night.” Quoth the girl, “Verily I see a wonderful change in thee, that thou now welcomest me so cordially!” So Amjad answered, “By Allah, O my lady, methought my servant Bahadur had robbed me of some necklaces of jewels, worth ten thousand diners each; however, when I went out but now in concern for this, I sought for them and found them in their place. I know not why the slave tarrieth so long and needs must I punish him for it.” She was satisfied with his answer, and they sported and drank and made merry and ceased not to be so till near sundown, when Bahadur came in to them, having changed his clothes and girt his middle and put on shoes, such as are worn of Mamelukes. He saluted and kissed the ground; then held his hands behind him and stood, with his head hanging down, as one who confesseth to a fault. So Amjad looked at him with angry eyes and asked, “Why hast thou tarried till now, O most pestilent of slaves?” Answered Bahadur, “O my lord, I was busy washing my clothes and knew not of thy being here; for our appointed time was nightfall and not day-tide.” But Amjad cried out at him, saying, “Thou liest, O vilest of slaves! By Allah, I must needs beat thee.” So he rose and, throwing Bahadur prone on the ground, took a stick and beat him gently; but the damsel sprang up and, snatching the stick from his hand, came down upon Bahadur so lustily, that in extreme pain the tears ran from his eyes and he ground his teeth together and called out for succour; whilst Amjad cried out to the girl “Don’t”; and she cried out, “Let me satisfy my anger upon him!” till at last he pulled the stick out of her hand and pushed her away. So Bahadur rose and, wiping away his tears from his cheeks, waited upon them the while, after which he swept the hall and lighted the lamps; but as often as he went in and out, the lady abused him and cursed him till Amjad was wroth with her and said, “For Almighty Allah’s sake leave my Mameluke; he is not used to this.” Then they sat and ceased not eating and drinking (and Bahadur waiting upon them) till midnight when, being weary with service and beating, he fell asleep in the midst of the hall and snored and snorted; whereupon the damsel, who was drunken with wine, said to Amjad, “Arise, take the sword hanging yonder and cut me off this slave’s head; and, if thou do it not, I will be the death of thee!” “What possesseth thee to slay my slave?” asked Amjad; and she answered, “Our joyaunce will not be complete but by his death. If thou wilt not kill him, I will do it myself.” Quoth Amjad, “By Allah’s rights to thee, do not this thing!” Quoth she, “It must perforce be;” and, taking down the sword, drew it and made at Bahadur to kill him; but Amjad said in his mind, “This man hath entreated us courteously and sheltered us and done us kindness and made himself my slave: shall we requite him by slaughtering him? This shall never be!” Then he said to the woman, “If my Mameluke must be killed, better I should kill him than thou.” So saying, he took the sword from her and, raising his hand, smote her on the neck and made her head fly from her body. It fell upon Bahadur who awoke and sat up and opened his eyes, when he saw Amjad standing by him and in his hand the sword dyed with blood, and the damsel lying dead. He enquired what had passed, and Amjad told him all she had said, adding, “Nothing would satisfy her but she must slay thee; and this is her reward.” Then Bahadur rose and, kissing the Prince’s hand, said to him, “Would to Heaven thou hadst spared her! but now there is nothing for it but to rid us of her without stay or delay, before the day-break.” Then he girded his loins and took the body, wrapped it in an Abá-cloak and, laying it in a large basket of palm-leaves, he shouldered it saying, “Thou art a stranger here and knowest no one: so sit thou in this place and await my return till day-break. If I come back to thee, I will assuredly do thee great good service and use my endeavours to have news of thy brother; but if by sunrise I return not, know that all is over with me; and peace be on thee, and the house and all it containeth of stuffs and money are shine.” Then he fared forth from the saloon bearing the basket; and, threading the streets, he made for the salt sea, thinking to throw it therein: but as he drew near the shore, he turned and saw that the Chief of Police and his officers had ranged themselves around him; and, on recognising him, they wondered and opened the basket, wherein they found the slain woman. So they seized him and laid him in bilboes all that night till the morning, when they carried him and the basket, as it was, to the King and reported the case. The King was sore enraged when he looked upon the slain and said to Bahadur, “Woe to thee! Thou art always so doing; thou killest folk and castest them into the sea and takest their goods. How many murders hast thou done ere this?” Thereupon Bahadur hung his head.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

390 “Jerry Sneak” would be the English reader’s comment; but in the East all charges are laid upon women.

When it was the Two Hundred and Thirty-third Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that Bahadur hung down his head groundwards before the King, who cried out at him, saying, “Woe to thee! Who killed this girl?” He replied, “O my lord! I killed her, and there is no Majesty and there is no Might save in Allah, the Glorious, the Great!”391 So the King in his anger, commanded to hang him; and the hangman went down with him by the King’s commandment, and the Chief of Police accompanied him with a crier who called upon all the folk to witness the execution of Bahadur, the King’s Master of the Horse; and on this wise they paraded him through the main streets and the market-streets. This is how it fared with Bahadur; but as regards Amjad, he awaited his host’s return till the day broke and the sun rose, and when he saw that he came not, he exclaimed, “There is no Majesty and there is no Might save in Allah, the Glorious, the Great! Would I knew what is become of him?” And, as he sat musing behold, he heard the crier proclaiming Bahadur’s sentence and bidding the people to see the spectacle of his hanging at midday; whereat he wept and exclaimed, “Verily, we are Allah’s and to Him we are returning! He meaneth to sacrifice himself unjustly for my sake, when I it was who slew her. By Allah, this shall never be!” Then he went from the saloon and, shutting the door after him, hurriedly threaded the streets till he overtook Bahadur, when he stood before the Chief of Police and said to him, “O my lord, put not Bahadur to death, for he is innocent. By Allah, none killed her but I.” Now when the Captain of Police heard these words, he took them both and, carrying them before the King, acquainted him with what Amjad had said; whereupon he looked at the Prince and asked him, “Didst thou kill the damsel?” He answered, “Yes” and the King said, “Tell me why thou killedst her, and speak the truth.” Replied Amjad, “O King, it is indeed a marvellous event and a wondrous matter that hath befallen me: were it graven with needles on the eye-corners, it would serve as a warner to whoso would be warned!” Then he told him his whole story and informed him of all that had befallen him and his brother, first and last; whereat the King was much startled and surprised and said to him, “Know that now I find thee to be excusable; but list, O youth! Wilt thou be my Wazír?” “Hearkening and obedience,” answered Amjad whereupon the King bestowed magnificent dresses of honour on him and Bahadur and gave him a handsome house, with eunuchs and officers and all things needful, appointing him stipends and allowances and bidding him make search for his brother As’ad. So Amjad sat down in the seat of the Wazirate and governed and did justice and invested and deposed and took and gave. Moreover, he sent out a crier to cry his brother throughout the city, and for many days made proclamation in the main streets and market-streets, but heard no news of As’ad nor happened on any trace of him. Such was his case; but as regards his brother, the Magi ceased not to torture As’ad night and day and eve and morn for a whole year’s space, till their festival drew near, when the old man Bahram392 made ready for the voyage and fitted out a ship for himself.—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

391 Here the formula means “I am sorry for it, but I couldn’t help it.”

392 A noble name of the Persian Kings (meaning the planet Mars) corrupted in Europe to Varanes.

Last updated on Thu Mar 30 16:01:08 2006 for eBooks@Adelaide.